Level 4 practices utilize which techniques to monitor and track actual results against measurement objectives?

Level 4 practices in the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework emphasize the importance of using detailed measurements and analytics to not only assess performance but also to guide process improvements. This level focuses on managing processes quantitatively, which means that organizations are expected to apply statistical and quantitative techniques to monitor and track actual results against measurement objectives.

These methods involve collecting data and applying statistical methods to analyze that data, allowing organizations to identify trends, variances, and areas for process improvement. Such techniques can help in assessing predictability and stability in processes, which aligns with the goals of Level 4 in CMMI. By effectively utilizing statistical and quantitative techniques, organizations can make informed decisions based on empirical evidence rather than just observations or subjective interpretations, which is crucial for achieving process improvement at this maturity level.

In contrast, the other techniques listed don’t primarily focus on the rigorous quantitative analysis that Level 4 requires. Qualitative techniques generally involve more subjective evaluation methods and may not provide the concrete data analysis necessary for effective performance tracking at this maturity level. Descriptive techniques typically summarize data rather than analyzing it quantitatively, and graphical techniques can visualize data trends but don't necessarily encompass the statistical rigor expected at Level 4. Thus, the use of